Skip to main content

One approach to schemes of work

When I began teaching in 1980 departmental schemes of work did not exist. You had a text book and tapes which were, effectively, the scheme of work or syllabus as it was then called; then in Y11 teaching content was largely led by the O-level exam, subsequently GCSE. If there was a common approach to practice in a department it was formed to a minor extent by the nature of the text book. My experience was that that teachers did not work much as a team, but did share clear common aims in terms of timing and exam content.

This was still the case when I became a Head of Department in 1988. I think it was the coming into being of Ofsted as well as a general growing professionalism which led schools to firm up practice on schemes of work.

In my department we decided to create a scheme which was a working file. Each teacher had their own ring binder for each year with a general list of objectives for each unit based on the course book. The course sequence was very sound and well suited to the pupils at our school. The file then contained a set of resources which the teacher could dip into. Some of these would be from the course book, some our own or taken from other sources. These reflected and reinforced the common approach adopted by the teachers in the department. Resources included worksheets of various types, visual aids (OHP transparencies for example) lesson ideas, links to online interactive activities and websites, copies of unit tests and exam papers.

There were no detailed lesson plans, since although I hoped we were pretty much in tune as regards methodology (a target language, communicative oral approach with rigorous teaching of grammar and vocabulary). In addition, because my colleagues were skilled and fluent, I did not feel the need to stifle them with specific lesson plans. Our structure of 40 minute periods four or five times a week also made this hard to achieve. We found that it was better to have some flexibility. Some classes would go faster than others, some lessons less well than others. Furthermore, a scheme which was not overly prescriptive allows teachers the freedom to develop their own ideas which, I believe, makes for more motivated, creative and happy colleagues.

We did set time targets for units in order that we covered all the material needed for assessments, but some teachers would get ahead of others. We would regularly compare notes on this and, if necessary, be flexible enough to adjust the content of exam papers.

Differentiation was not built in specifically to the schemes of work. This was in part because our school was a selective grammar school with a setting system from Y9. Even so, there was obviously a considerable range of ability (just think of an intelligence bell curve and where the "top 30%" of the ability range can descend to). We would use differentiation by outcome and selective use of resources for each class to ensure effective differentiation. When combined with sensitive classroom techniques and "assessment for learning" this always seemed effective enough to me.

In the early days of Ofsted a specialist MFL inspector would take a look at our schemes of work. In recent years we found they did not have time to do this as the focus moved more and more to results and value added scores.

Over the years the scheme of work was regularly updated, with each year group being revised every four years or so. This was usually done by a teacher as part of their personal development. Updating a scheme of work would often involve adding new resources and reorganising existing ones.

I cannot claim that this approach would work in every context, but the balance of prescription and freedom worked well for us. I would certainly commend the idea of using the scheme of work as a working file, not a document to be locked away in a filing cabinet.


Comments

Popular posts from this blog

What is skill acquisition theory?

For this post, I am drawing on a section from the excellent book by Rod Ellis and Natsuko Shintani called Exploring Language Pedagogy through Second Language Acquisition Research (Routledge, 2014). Skill acquisition is one of several competing theories of how we learn new languages. It’s a theory based on the idea that skilled behaviour in any area can become routinised and even automatic under certain conditions through repeated pairing of stimuli and responses. When put like that, it looks a bit like the behaviourist view of stimulus-response learning which went out of fashion from the late 1950s. Skill acquisition draws on John Anderson’s ACT theory, which he called a cognitivist stimulus-response theory. ACT stands for Adaptive Control of Thought.  ACT theory distinguishes declarative knowledge (knowledge of facts and concepts, such as the fact that adjectives agree) from procedural knowledge (knowing how to do things in certain situations, such as understand and speak a language).

What is the natural order hypothesis?

The natural order hypothesis states that all learners acquire the grammatical structures of a language in roughly the same order. This applies to both first and second language acquisition. This order is not dependent on the ease with which a particular language feature can be taught; in English, some features, such as third-person "-s" ("he runs") are easy to teach in a classroom setting, but are not typically fully acquired until the later stages of language acquisition. The hypothesis was based on morpheme studies by Heidi Dulay and Marina Burt, which found that certain morphemes were predictably learned before others during the course of second language acquisition. The hypothesis was picked up by Stephen Krashen who incorporated it in his very well known input model of second language learning. Furthermore, according to the natural order hypothesis, the order of acquisition remains the same regardless of the teacher's explicit instruction; in other words,

The 2026 GCSE subject content is published!

Two DfE documents were published today. The first was the response to the consultation about the proposed new GCSE (originally due in October 2021) and the second is the subject content document which, ultimately, is of most interest to MFL teachers in England. Here is the link  to the document.  We are talking about an exam to be done from 2026 (current Y7s). There is always a tendency for sceptical teachers to think that consultations are a bit of a sham and that the DfE will just go ahead and do what they want when it comes to exam reform. In this case, the responses to the original proposals were mixed, and most certainly hostile as far as exam boards and professional associations representing the MFL community, universities, head teachers and awarding bodies are concerned. What has emerged does reveal some significant changes which take account of a number of criticisms levelled at the proposals. As I read it, the most important changes relate to vocabulary and the issue of topics